Ascorbic Acid is more commonly known as vitamin C. Vitamin C is well known for its powerful ability to help boost the immune system as well as fight off damage causing free radicals. As an anti-oxidant, Ascorbic acid binds with free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells. This damage can cause early aging and even has been linked to some cancers. By taking ascorbic acid, or vitamin C supplements, you are helping prevent these free-radicals, as well as giving your immune system a boost as well. Vitamin C is integral to cellular metabolism as well and a lack of vitamin C can cause a myriad of issues, including scurvy.

Betaine, chemically speaking, is any neutral compound with a cationic functional group (i.e. phosphonium), which carries no hydrogen atom and with an anionic functional group (i.e. carboxylate group) that is unnecessarily adjacent to the cationic group. In biochemistry and nutrition, betaine is a nutrient considered to be a methyl donor, along with S-adenosylmethionine, folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12. It is involved in the process of methylation, wherein betaine carries and donates methyl molecules to make certain biochemical reactions occur. Lipid metabolism, neurotransmitters and DNA rely on the process of methylation. Some scientists think hypothesize that sufficient methylation of DNA can prevent the expression of harmful genes including cancer genes. Methylation is likely to degenerate with age that may contribute to the ageing process itself. Therefore, supplementation has potential in rendering health benefits. Moreover, betaine aids in converting homocysteine into methionine. Homocysteine is an amino acid that has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. With this attribute, betaine is used medically in treating homocysteinuria, a genetic disease characterized by increased levels of homocysteine in the body rendering a person at high risks of developing cardiovascular diseases in their 20s. According to the Mayo Clinic, betaine in oral form is only to be given with a physician’s prescription and should not be stopped abruptly. Pregnant and lactating women are advised not to take this in unless greatly needed and under a professional health care provider’s supervision.

Caffeine is of course a major component of every day drinks such as tea and coffee and is also included in Groove International Groove. It is claimed that over 70% of the American population take more than 300 milligrams daily. As well as in familiar drinks it is used in energy drinks such as Red Bull as well as in many over the counter analgesics and other medication. Medically it is a as trimethylxanthine, useful as a heart stimulant and it also works as a mild diuretic. It works in the same way as certain drugs, the amphetamines, cocaine, and heroin, all of which work on the action of the brain although in a milder way, and like them it is addictive.

Citric Acid is found in several citrus fruits, including pineapples, limes, gooseberries, plums, peaches, lemons, grapefruit, and oranges. It assists in preventing urinary tract infections. It is also applied as a natural preservative in lieu of chemicals. It helps energy production within the cells. It is a good natural astringent and regulates pH in digestive tract. Citric acid boosts efficient digestive function and helps remove toxins from body. It provides prevention against diarrhea, dysentery, and other bowel diseases. Citric acid assists in breakdown of fatty foods and increasing appetite. It helps eliminate fatigue. Citric acid in a little modified form, potassium citrate, can halt human heartbeat for greater facility during surgery and also is used to leach damaging metals from soil in landfills.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or GABA is an amino acid classified as a neurotransmitter that is abundant in the brain. It balances the chemicals in the brain. It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that keeps the balance between excitement and inhibition –that reduces anxiety, tension, stress and depression. It also helps induce relaxation and sleep. GABA also help stimulates the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of human growth hormones. Growth Hormones give an anabolic effect which promotes the formation and building of muscles. It also has lipotropic effect that helps in weight management and prevents fat formation. GABA also has antioxidant property that slows down the aging.

Gum Arabic is a hydrocolloid having many applications. It is commonly used in production of beverage and flavor emulsions and meal replacers. Because of its viscosity and adhesive properties, it is a good ingredient for coating cereal, snack foods, and confections. It plays a key dietary role. It is a great source of soluble dietary fiber and its low viscosity enables it to be used for boosting fiber levels in food or beverage without significantly changing the finished viscosity. Research has demonstrated it ability to reduce blood pressure. A recent study exhibited that 10 grams of Gum Arabic can produce a prebiotic effect in humans by encouraging gut populations of specific bacteria. It can benefit people suffering from kidney disease.

Kava Kava acts as a first line of defense against symptoms of anxiety. It doesn’t have any side effects. It helps relax body muscles and makes the mind sharp. In addition to its ability to relax muscles and relieve tension and anxiety, it is also helpful in treating headaches, insomnia, hyperactivity in children and depression. Due to its relaxant effect, it can relieve pain linked with muscle spasm. It is also an anti-inflammatory agent and has analgesic effect on urinary system. It is useful in conditions such as urinary tract and bladder inflammations. Kava Kava is also able of relaxing the uterus and, thus, making it helpful for menstrual cramps.

L-Arginine HCL is an amino acid that builds up protein. This essential amino acid has many health benefits when consumed in doses larger than those acquired normally from diet. Average daily dietary intake of arginine is 5.4 grams that just fulfils minimal requirements of body for tissue repair, immune cell maintenance, and protein synthesis. L-Arginine is needed in the body to synthesize nitric oxide. There are many health benefits linked with proper nitric oxide metabolism. Nitric oxide also regulates blood flow. It enables arterial system to retain its youthful elasticity that may treat hypertension. Research shows that L-Arginine supports natural human growth hormone release from pituitary gland. It also supports muscle mass and can reduce body fat.

L-Citrulline is an organic compound and is an alpha amino acid. It is also a non-essential amino acid meaning it is synthesized within the human body itself. L-Citrulline is a primary element in the urea cycle which is the process by which mammals excrete ammonia. This is done in the mitochondria of cells where ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and ornithine to form citrulline. This Citrulline is carried out to the cytoplasm where it is converted to arginine. This way the ammonia is removed from muscle and liver cells. L-Citrulline s found in high concentrations in the liver and while it is not a component of most proteins found in the body, L-Citrulline is found in specialised proteins in the hair, skin and neural cells. Within the body Lcitrulline is mainly synthesized from glutamine in the intestine.

L-Dopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is formed by the hydroxylation of the amino acid L-tyrosine. It is a naturally occurring supplement for example in the plant Mucuna pruriens and is psychoactive. It acts as a precursor to the chemicals called catecholamines; these include: adrenaline, dopamine and nor-adrenaline. It is efficacious in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and dopamine responsive dystonia because unlike normal dopamine, it can pass the blood-brain barrier and increase the concentration of dopamine in the brain. Similar results can be elicited in the peripheral nervous system. The administration of L-DOPA induces short term responses in the body and some long term responses.

L-Lysine is an essential amino acid obtainable from daily food sources we consume. It has many medicinal properties which benefit us in our daily lives. While it is mainly used in the treatment of herpes, it also helps us become stronger by building our muscle tissues. It helps us to recover form injuries and surgeries besides absorbing calcium for building healthy bones. It also regulates the production of antibodies, enzymes and hormones which are required for healthy immunity level. L-lysine when consumed in high doses can lead to serious conditions. Although L-lysine is important for good health, we never really realize we are consuming it. Deficiency of L-lysine causes lethargy, amnesia, enzyme disorders, reproductive problems and hair loss. Generally, L-lysine is present in all vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods. Fish and cereals have higher amount of L-lysine in them.

Lo Han Guo is a fruit derived from Siraitia grosvenorini that belongs to the Gourd plant family. It is known for its sweet taste and may be used as a sweetener or sugar substitute. It is primarily used for treating cough, infection of the larynx, and sore throat. It is also known as a tonic that promotes longevity. It helps in regulating blood sugar level. Lo Han Guo is also an effective antioxidant that fights and scavenges free radicals. It also prevents and aids in treatment of cancer. It also relieves constipation and aids in digestion. Lo Han Guo also helps protect against heart problems.

Niacinamide, also known as Nicotinamide is water-soluble and usually found in Vitamin B3. It is normally seen in different dietary supplements as well as energy medications. One good thing about the Niacinamide is that compared to other water soluble vitamins, it does not contain any harmful effects such as flushing or even skin irritations. Niacinamide also has an anti-inflammatory property, because of this, Niacinamide is also being used to cure acne and other kinds of skin diseases. It can either be taken orally, or some kinds of medications include this in their formula as a topical cream or even as a topical gel.

Ornithine HCL is the compound of amino acid Ornithine with HCL. This compound is commonly used as a supplement by bodybuilders and athletes to support their muscles. Ornithine is shown by research to aid in increase of protein synthesis in body, resulting in lower protein brake down and enhanced muscle gains. It is also needed for the manufacture of citrulline, proline, and glutamic acid in body, which are responsible for supply of energy to every cell of body. Other researches show that Ornithine increases the production of growth hormone in body. The HCL present in this compound helps in the excretion of excess nitrogen from body, thus maintaining a healthy nitrogen balance.

Potassium Sorbate, a potassium salt belonging to sorbic acid, is primarily used as a preservative for various foods and beverages. Potassium sorbate has also gained popularity for its efficiency when used in different personal care products. Commonly, Potassium sorbate is used in molding or as a form of yeast for various foods such as cheese, dried meats, apple cider, yogurt, wines, bake goods and the likes. Potassium sorbate is usually present in dried fruit products and is starting to be used in herbal dietary supplements. The reason why it is widely used for food products is because Potassium sorbate does not impose any harmful side effects.

Sodium is part of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular creatures, not least mankind. It is needed for instance in nerve conduction and to balance the acid levels in the body. It is necessary for the functioning of organs such as the liver, intestine and kidneys in their work of ridding the body of toxins However there is an optimum intake. Above this there are problems such as a rise in the blood pressure. Also an excess of salt in the diet will draw fluid out of the cells by the process of osmosis. On the other hand a lack of sodium will lead to too much water in the body the brains cells will actually be flooded.

Sodium Benzoate or E211, the sodium salt of benzoic acid, is used as a preservative because of its bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, most effective under acidic conditions. When mixed with water, sodium benzoate exists in its acid form. It is generally found in salad dressings, vinegar, carbonated drinks, jams and fruit juices. This compound is also naturally occurring in several fruits like apples, plums and cranberries but only in small amounts. Aside from being used as a preservative, sodium benzoate, having fungistatic quality, is mixed with wine to stop the fermentation process. Health concerns arise because of its combination with vitamin C that leads to the formation of the chemical benzene, a highly carcinogenic substance. However, misconceptions that sodium benzoate on its own is carcinogenic is to be corrected. Toxicity, also, only happens when huge amount of this substance is ingested. It is labeled by the Food and Drug Administration as safe for human consumption after undergoing short- and long-term scientific researches on man, dogs, cats and mice.

Sodium Citrate is a salt associated with critic acid. It occurs naturally in a variety of foods, including many fruits. It is also an intermediate product of aerobic metabolism in the human body. When consumed in food or produced in the body, sodium citrate quickly degrades into sodium bicarbonate, which functions as an acid buffer. Some studies suggest that taking sodium citrate as a dietary supplement before high-intensity exercise delays fatigue by increasing the availability of sodium bicarbonate in the muscles.

Vitamin B6 is important to a healthy human diet and is equally important in various metabolic and synthesis functions as well as gene expression.

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, is also known as the antiscorbitic vitamin because it prevents the nutritional disease Scurvy. Its most active form is L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid. Vitamin C is known for building up the body’s defenses against infection. However, there is more to this vitamin than just being an immunity-builder. It is essential to normal functioning of all cellular units including ribosomes and mitochondria. This is because it is a primary requirement in the formation and maintenance of the “binder” that holds cells as well as the cellular fluid inside. Furthermore, this water-soluble vitamin is necessary in the conversion of folic acid into its active form, folinic acid, necessary for the formation of red blood cells. It also speeds up wound and fracture healing, is involved in metabolism of some essential amino acids, plays a role in the production of steroid hormones for stress response and promotes the absorption of iron for the body to use. It is also an antioxidant vitamin that protects normal cells from the damage of oxidative free radicals.

Yohimbine HCL, sometimes called yohimbine hydrochloride, yohimbe, or yohimbe bark, is an herbal supplement which serves as a stimulant and possible aphrodisiac for users. Yohimbine has also been shown to be successful in treating erectile dysfunction and impotence in men. It may serve to boost the sex drive of those who take it for aphrodisiac purposes. Some people are recommended to take yohimbine to combat their lower sex drives caused by antidepressants. Yohimbine has also been shown to help blood pressure levels and assist in weight loss. For these reasons, yohimbine is a popular supplement amongst athletes as well as many others wishing to improve their health.