Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Carrageenan, a form of sulfated polysaccharide that is extracted from red algae, potently inhibits infection of a wide range of sexually transmitted HPVs. It works as an HIV fusion or entry inhibitor. It is a food additive that is commonly used. It also works as a thickening agent. It’s the vegetarian counterpart of casein – the protein that is isolated from milk and applied to thicken foods. Casein is also utilized for producing paints, and is used as glue to hold a label to a bottle of beer. Carrageenan is the ingredient utilized to de-ice frozen airplanes sitting on tarmacs during winter storms. Carrageenan also works as a gel. It coats insides of the stomach like massage oil or gooey honey.

Grade A UHT Low Fat Milk is a kind of commercialized milk with less calories than whole milk that is produced through UHT or Ultra High Temperature pasteurization, a process that could be described as the heating of milk for a couple of seconds at a temperature above 135°C. This gives it a longer shelf life due to the elimination of spores in the milk. Besides the process used, another characteristic of Grade A UHT Low Fat Milk is its outstanding quality. It has passed the standards required to be considered as Grade A, which is primarily to have a low bacterial count.

Honey is mainly made up of fructose and glucose. It contains chrysin, vitamin C, catalase that gives honey its antioxidant property. The composition of honey depends on the flowers from which it is derived from. It is sometimes used as sweetener or sugar substitute because of its various health benefits and its great taste. Its glucose content gives a boost of energy while fructose supplies the body with sustained energy. It improves the overall performance, improves endurance and reduces muscle fatigue. It has antibacterial property that makes it an effective cleansing tonic. Honey is also used in various home remedies such as alleviating hangover, curing sore throat, and insomnia.

Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine. This enzyme plays an important role in helping the lactose break down into two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. Lactase supplements are given to those who are diagnosed of being lactose intolerant, which means they are unable to process lactose properly because they are lactase deficient. Most lactose intolerant individuals suffer from diarrhea, heartburn, bloating, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal cramping after ingesting milk products. The undigested lactose moves into the colon where it is fermented by bacteria, this produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other acids that cause the diarrhea, gas and cramps. Those who are Lactase deficient where also found to have problems with calcium absorption.

Sodium Polyphosphate is used primarily as preservative for poultry, seafood and meats. A label of E451 for food preservatives is given to this group of compounds. Studies on its mutagenecity and carcinogenicity, performed by Ishidate et al. (1984), obtained a negative result saying that no chromosomal aberrations or development of cancer occurred in the in vitro samples of hamster fibroblast cell line. This group of compounds is however, moderately irritating to the skin and eyes. Furthermore, no teratogenic effects were exhibited after maintaining a dose level of 238 mg/kg in mice. These are also present in toothpaste and soaps as they improve their cleansing abilities. With supporting clinical studies, the Food and Drug Administration identified sodium polyphosphate as “generally recognized as safe” alongside baking soda, vinegar and salt.

Vanilla, a name given to a genus of pantropical orchids, is also the flavor extract obtained from the fruit pods of several of its species. The flavor and odor of the extract comes partially from a white crystal vanillin, which develops during the curing process. Vanilla beans, extracts, tinctures and resinoids are the foremost food flavors for ice cream, puddings, cakes, chocolates, liqueurs and soft drinks. Vanilla tinctures are also used in perfumes. Although a number of people take vanilla as being plain, it actually has a lot of health benefits. It helps in reducing hyperactivity in most body systems leading to relaxation and calmer mood. It aids in decreasing fever, inflammation and reduces allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Vanilla oil is utilized for improving digestion when taken in. Moreover, it relieves nasal congestion when used for steam inhalation. People with asthma, after taking their prescription meds, may find benefit in its calming aroma. Vanilla is also thought to have some influence in the regulation of the hormone serotonin leading to temperature regulation, control of mood, appetite and the induction of sleep.

Vitamin A- Otherwise known as retinol is the vitamin which helps the eyes to adjust to changes in light levels as well as keeping the eyes, skin and mucous membranes moist. Vitamin A enters the human diet mostly from animal foods, but as well as this some plant foods contain beta-carotene, which the body is then able to convert into Vitamin A. Retinol has antioxidant properties that help the body to repair tissue and cellular damage by neutralizing free radicals. Although there seems to be some evidence that retinol may help in cases of established artery disease the American Heart Association does not recommend it as a necessary supplement until there is more evidence.

Vitamin A Palmitate sometimes also referred to as retinyl palmitate is a more stable concentration of retinol. It helps improve the eyesight and prevent night blindness and xerophthalmia. It also prevents retinal degeneration or Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy (SFD) that may eventually lead to loss of vision. Vitamin A Palmitate has anti-carcinogenic property that inhibits the development of tumor. It also helps maintain a healthy skin and fights against skin disorders such as acne, kyrle’s disease, pityriasis rubra pilaris, psoriasis, and Darier’s disease. It also improves the immune system of the body and fights against various infections. Vitamin A Palmitate also has antioxidant properties that protects against premature aging.

Vitamin D is actually a group of prohormones, all fat soluble, whereby ergocalciferol, or Vitamin D2 and cholecalciferol, also known as Vitamin D3 are the most common forms. The Vitamin D3 form is made when human skin is exposed to UV B radiation. The active form of Vitamin D is calcitrol and it is required in the body to manage phosphorus and calcium levels, but, among other functions, to affect anti tumor activity, immunomodulatory functions and much more. Vitamin D, or more accurately calcitrol, is being bound to a carrier protein, which allows it to be transported throughout the body to the various destinations. The Vitamin D receptors, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors, can be found in most organs, including the brain, skin, heart, breast, prostate and gonads.

Vitamin D3 can be taken in supplement form as well especially in countries where sunlight is minimal or if the person is not exposed to sun. It is important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorous. It helps in prevention of fractures, osteoporosis, cancer and high blood pressure. Vitamin D3 helps in treating vitamin D deficiency such as Rickets and Osteomalacia. It’s especially important for pregnant women, post menopausal women and older people as its deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, hip fractures and slows growth of fetus. It can also be fatal to both mother and child and in some cases result in multiple sclerosis at a later stage of the child.