L-Isoleucine- The second of three branched chain amino acids it is important in blood sugar regulation and producing hemoglobin. After exercise, it is responsible for muscle recovery and important in the metabolism to produce energy.

L-Leucine- Leucine is an essential amino acid that does not synthesize in humans and so must be ingested. It slows the degradation of muscle tissue and is used in the formation of sterols.

L-Valine is an essential alpha amino acid and one of the three essential branched chain amino acids found in the human body. The other two essential BCAAs are leucine and isoleucine. The name is derived from the plant valerian. Valine is also classified as nonpolar and is known by sickle cell disease sufferers as the substitute amino acid for the glutamic acid, whereby the hydrophobic qualities of valine cause the hemoglobin to not fold correctly. Just like the other three BCAAs, the primary source of valine is through ingestion of proteins, where valine is a component; some such sources would be fish, peanuts, poultry, cottage cheese, lentils and sesame seeds. L-Valine is found in large quantities in muscles, whereby in the muscle metabolism it is essential for the restoration and tissue growth.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride- Originally called vitamin B6, or the rat antidermatitis factor, pyridoxine is a vital component of many coenzymes involved in amino acid metabolic processes. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is pyridoxine molecule bound to hydrochloride ion to maintain its stability until acted upon by the digestive process. It is readily absorbed in the intestines and then enters the circulation as the active coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxamine phosphate. Either of these forms are directly involved in the decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. Pyridoxine also takes part in the biochemical reactions in the gray matter of the central nervous system. Furthermore, it catalyzes urea production, production of essential fatty acids and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. That is why a deficiency in vitamin B6 would entail a deficiency in Vitamin B3 (niacin) called Pellagra. It has been observe din animal studies that prolonged deficiency in pyridoxine resulted to epileptiform episodes, which may be related to its functions in the brain and spinal cord gray matter. On the other hand, rats that were injected with high doses of Vitamin B6 (3 g/kg) experienced total organ shutdown leading to death. In humans, being a water-soluble vitamin, it is excreted through the urine and its storage is quite limited. Therefore, toxicity is very unlikely.

Vitamin C is an obvious essential nutrient and a deficiency of this will cause scurvy. It is also an antioxidant and acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes.