Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Egg Albumen is a high biological value protein that contains all essential and non-essential amino acids which are needed for growth and repair of tissue. It is fat free and contains negligible carbohydrates, but is rich in high-quality protein. One large egg’s white contains 4.7gm protein and 62 milligrams sodium. It has around 20 calories. Egg albumen provides essential vitamins and nutrients, like vitamin B. It can help lover cholesterol levels. Breakfast calories from egg white is more beneficial for weight loss than those same calories from a bagel since it provides protein and makes one feel fuller than if he had eaten carbohydrates.

Glutamine Peptides are a combination of two amino acids that are chemically combined. It is L-glutamine commonly bonded together with either L-alanine or L-glycine. Unlike amino acids, it is absorbed and transported through the system faster. Glutamine Peptides plays an important role in protein synthesis and improved protein metabolism. It prevents the breakdown of muscle, and helps in faster recovery of muscles after strenuous workout. It also helps in repairing and building of lean muscles. It increases the secretion of growth hormone levels that helps in metabolising body fat and formation of new muscles. Glutamine Peptides also help in improving the immune system.

Iron is one of the most commonly available chemical elements which are used in the form of metal. When in the presence of oxygen and moisture, iron gets oxidized very easily. Therefore it is never available on the surface of earth. Iron is a metal whose properties can be changed by mixing it with the various other metals. Humans need iron as a daily dietary substance. There are a number of supplements available in market which provides the daily required dose of iron. But the best way to consume iron is by eating the food that is rich in iron. Fish, poultry, beans, lentils, leafy vegetables are some of food items that are a good source of iron. Although, research shows that it is easier to digest the iron found in meat and meat products than the vegetables.

Micellar Casein is obtained by separating milk through the process of ultra filtration. The gel like substance formed in the gut enables it to release amino acids at a steady pace into the blood stream. Taking micellar casein increases muscle growth which is necessary for recovery and gaining strength. It suppresses muscle breakdown because of its strong anti-catabolic effect. Athletics and bodybuilders take micellar protein for various reasons. Optimal muscle recovery takes place when constant supply of protein and nutrients are supplied to the body all through the day. Since micellar casein provides body proteins for nearly seven hours, it reduces muscle catabolism greatly. When taken with healthy fats like fish oil or flax oil digestion of micellar tends to get slow and the purpose of taking micellar casein is served.

Microparticulate Whey Protein Concentrate is a type of protein that is formed from milk by a process known as microfiltration. It is widely used in food industry because Microparticulate Whey Protein Concentrate behaves like fats and can be used as a fat substitute. It is commonly used in preparation of cheese, desserts, yoghurt and ice cream. Microparticulated proteins are known to considerably improve texture and taste in low-fat food products particularly low-fat cheese. It is also used as dietary supplement by athletes and bodybuilders who want to keep their fat intake low while fulfilling their daily protein requirement.

Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of a specific metabolite(the light-absorbing molecule retinal). This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. It also palys an important role in the health or our skin, bone metabolism, immune function. It is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate commonly called Vitamin A acetate. Its defeciency can cause blindness. Other problems include impaired immunity, hypokeratosis (white lumps at hair follicles), keratosis pilaris and squamous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the upper respiratory passages and urinary bladder to a keratinized epithelium.

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, is also known as the antiscorbitic vitamin because it prevents the nutritional disease Scurvy. Its most active form is L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid. Vitamin C is known for building up the body’s defenses against infection. However, there is more to this vitamin than just being an immunity-builder. It is essential to normal functioning of all cellular units including ribosomes and mitochondria. This is because it is a primary requirement in the formation and maintenance of the “binder” that holds cells as well as the cellular fluid inside. Furthermore, this water-soluble vitamin is necessary in the conversion of folic acid into its active form, folinic acid, necessary for the formation of red blood cells. It also speeds up wound and fracture healing, is involved in metabolism of some essential amino acids, plays a role in the production of steroid hormones for stress response and promotes the absorption of iron for the body to use. It is also an antioxidant vitamin that protects normal cells from the damage of oxidative free radicals.

Whey Protein Concentrate- Whey protein is derived from a by-product (whey) during the process of conversion of milk into cheese. It’s available in three forms namely concentrate, isolate and hydrolysate. - Whey protein concentrate has higher level of bioactive compounds and lactose. They are low in cholesterol and fat content and have 29 percent to 89 percent of protein by weight. It’s mainly used by body builders for building muscles; it has numerous other health benefits. Whey protein is a good source of protein for all age groups and has an essential amino acid leucine which helps in muscle protein synthesis and muscle growth. Whey protein is also used in cancer and other chronic diseases where people are suffering from protein calorie malnutrition. Amino acid present in whey protein is essential for nail, skin and muscle growth. It is used in all infant formulas as it contains components that are found in human breast milk and it is also used in health drinks for children as a good source of protein. It helps prevent bone loss and helps in healing of wounds, surgical incisions as body requires more protein for the healing process. Whey protein is used in weight loss supplements as an appetite suppressant. Whey protein helps in improving immune function in athletes as it increases the level of glutathione.

Whey Protein Hydrolysate- Whey proteins are the by-product of cheese manufacturing using cow’s milk. Whey protein hydrolysates are the predigested, partially hydrolyzed whey proteins. They are more easily absorbed in the intestinal tract, and are less likely to cause allergic reactions upon ingestion. Whey hydrolysate is easy on the digestive system and has a high absorption rate. The high absorption rate means it is the most effective whey to take either pre or post workout. The high protein content means only a small amount is needed, so please check individual manufacturers for dosages. Whey hydrolysate can be absorbed in anywhere between 10 and 30 minutes*. It is not really suitable for the ‘snack meal’ as it contains so little biologically active proteins (these are destroyed during the amount of processing hydrolysate undergoes.) The cost of this whey protein form is higher than whey protein isolates and concentrates but the benefits are worth it.

Whey Protein Isolate comes from whey protein that is processed to remove the fat and lactose, but is usually lower in bioactive compounds. It is composed of more than 90% protein by weight, which may have a mild milky taste. Its main content, whey protein, is rapidly absorbed and its affordable price makes it the most common and preferred type of protein supplement available. it is a rich source of branched chained amino acids, which are used to support working muscles and stimulate protein anabolism. A specific amino acid, leucine has a significant role in commencing the transcription pathway that begins protein synthesis. Consumption of leucine in high amounts may promote the stimulation of protein synthesis speeding up recovery and wound healing as well as improving the adaptation to stress (i.e. exercise). There are ongoing studies with regards to another amino acid found in whey protein, cysteine, in improving the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. Contradicting results are being achieved and further scientific studies are needed.