Biotin, also known as vitamin H, but is more commonly called Biotin. It is a vitamin which is B-complex in nature and is water soluble. Biotin helps in transferring carbon dioxide along with helping in various metabolic reactions. A steady blood sugar level can also be maintained by the help of biotin. Hair and nails are strengthened by the consumption of biotin. Therefore, a lot of hair and cosmetic products use biotin as one of its ingredients. The body’s daily requirement of vitamin B7 is produced by the intestinal bacteria. This therefore reduces the chances of vitamin B7 deficiency. There a large number of foods that contain biotin in large quantities. Swiss chard, tomatoes, liver,eggs, almonds, cumcuber, cauliflower, legume, soybeans, raspberries, carrots are some of those foods.

Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in the development of the human body. It is common knowledge that calcium is important in preventing osteoporosis. However, calcium also provides structural support in the development of muscles. Deficiency in calcium could cause obesity because it triggers the release of parathyroid hormone that stimulates the production of fats in the body and inhibits its breakdown. It also reduces the blood pressure. Calcium also has the ability to fight colon cancer by binding itself with cancer cells to inhibit its growth and progression. It is also beneficial to women suffering from PMS or premenstrual syndrome such as depression, mood swings, anxiety, water retention, breast tenderness, and headaches.

Choline is an essential nutrient grouped with the Vitamin B complex and an organic compound. It is a natural amine can be found in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and in the lipids which are in the cell membranes. Most well known supplement for choline is lecithin, but generally choline is found in egg yolks, soy, wheat germ and beef and poultry livers. Choline is commonly added to supplements which are deemed to reduce excess body fat, because of the claim that choline helps the body metabolize cholesterol and fat. In humans there is a choline transporter, which allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier, where it is believed to have nootropic effects, improving the cognitive abilities and memory.

Chromium is a natural trace mineral in human nutrition and is needed for proper metabolism of sugar in humans. It is vital for metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. It helps move blood sugar from the bloodstream into cells to be utilized as energy and turn fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. Chromium helps stimulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are needed for brain function and other body processes. It activates numerous enzymes that are required to drive many chemical reactions essential to life. Chromium supplements also improve glucose tolerance in people with Turner's syndrome, a disease associated with glucose intolerance. It is also vital for insulin metabolism. It regulates hunger and decreases cravings.

Copper is being considered a mineral with immense medical advantages, copper has been used as a supplement in its gluconate form. Copper is one of the most important constituents of the blood and prevents poly – unsaturated fatty acids from turning rancid. Copper also increases the health of the cell membranes and is actively involved in the formation of hemoglobin. Copper Gluconate is instrumental in treating conditions such as irregular beating of the heart, hypoglycemia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and in lowering the cholesterol levels of the body. Copper Gluconate is known to have side effects and is toxic if taken excessively. In the case of women who are expecting or mothers who are nursing, it is advisable to consult with your docter before taking any Copper based supplements.

Damiana , a small shrub, is an herb native to Central and South America. It has been known for many years for its aphrodisiac properties and its ability to boost sexual potency. Damiana has the ability to increase energy and be used as a treatment for asthma. It alleviates the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and cures other menstrual problems. It may be used to relieve anxiety, nervousness and depression. It is a tonic that promotes overall health. It also promotes weight loss and control blood sugar level. It is a mild diuretic that prevents water retention and cleanses the body. It also prevents indigestion and relieves dyspepsia.

Folic Acid, a water-soluble B vitamin that is necessary to form essential body proteins. Folic acid, sometimes called Folate also promotes the synthesis of hemoglobin in the body.

Inositol is a carbocyclic polyol and a former member of the Vitamin B complex, listed as the Vitamin B8. Its most widely observed naturally occurring form is myo-inositol, which is found in many foods, such as high bran cereals, nuts beans, but also oranges and cantaloupe melons. Biological processes which are affected by inositol include the insulin signal transduction, nerve guidance in correlation with Epsin, cell membrane potential maintenance, serotonin activity modulation, cytoskeleton assembly, gene expression and breakdown of fats as well as reduction of blood cholesterol. Several psychiatric conditions can be treated with inositol, including obsessive compulsive disorder, clinical depression, panic disorder, bulimia and others. Due to all the positive influences, Vitamin B8 is a popular body building supplement; in particular the activity pertaining to the lipid metabolism is of essence.

Iodine is a chemical belonging to the halogens group. It occurs combined in nature and is a lustrous metallic grey solid. It finds application in medicine. It is a component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Its deficiency leads to the conditions of goiter and cretinism and is one of the greatest causes of preventable mental retardation. Its deficiency results in developmental abnormalities and other health problems. It is known to moderate the effects of estrogens on the breast tissue and have a role in the development of fetal nervous system. It is a component of healthy connective tissues and may also protect against radioactivity.

Lutein is concentrated in retinas of eyes and is vital for good vision. It has many positive benefits for the eyes, particularly when compounds lutein and xeaxanthin are mixed. Xeaxanthin helps increase the affect. A diet that is rich in lutein can lower the risk of developing cataracts and macular degeneration. It may also prevent or decelerate atherosclerosis, thickening of arteries, which is one of the major risks for cardiovascular disease. Since it is an antioxidant, lutein removes free radicals from the body. Lutein intake also benefits the cardiovascular system. It also has benefits for skin and keeps it healthy. Lutein can also reduce growth of colon cancer.

Lycopene, an antioxidant, consists of extremely effective disease fighting abilities for protecting the cells from free radicals. It not only helps in fighting diseases but also enhances the immune system. According to experts, this antioxidant can be useful in treating cardiovascular disease and prostrate cancer. On a daily basis, if you eat ten servings of food that contains Lycopene, it will help you curb the chances of getting prostrate cancer by 30%. It is also said to have protective effects on heart diseases. Based on a study it was found that men who had high amounts of lycopene in body fat were less prone to heart attacks. Since this antioxidant is not produced in the human body, you can acquire it through food items such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit and watermelon.

Magnesium, which is a mineral used by the body to help maintain muscles, bones, and nerves. Magnesium is also needed for energy metabolism and protein synthesis.

Manganese is a trace mineral that has long been associated with musculoskeletal health. It activates enzymes in the body that is necessary for the production of collagen and proteoglycan, components of connective tissue. It also aids in the absorption of calcium in the body. It helps prevent the development of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Manganese helps in the digestion and utilization of vitamin E in the body that makes it a potent antioxidant. It fights free radicals from damaging the cells that may lead to premature aging, heart problems and cancer. It alleviates premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as mood swings and nausea.

Pantothenic Acid also known as B5 is a natural, inexpensive and safe form of curing acne. It is free from all negative side effects. It is best suited for people with oily skin as it stops the overproduction of oil within our body. It converts the carbohydrates and fats into energy effectively when synthesized with other Vitamin B. Additionally it also helps your body produce red blood cells and metabolizes fats. It plays a significant role in reducing physical and mental stress because it works along with the stress hormone producing adrenal gland. Pantothenic acid is present in all kinds of food and therefore our body gets sufficient amount of it. As it is impossible for our body to become deficient in pantothenic acid, there is no recommended daily amount of it. Eggs, whole grains and milk contain panthothenic acid in large numbers.

Para-Aminobenzoic Acid, otherwise known as PABA and with an IUPAC name of 4-aminobenzoic acid, is an amino acid that was formerly categorized under the B-vitamins as Vitamin Bx. Widely distributed in nature, para-aminobenzoic acid is not essential in human health but is crucial in the bacterial synthesis of folic acid. Para-aminobenzoic acid is used in sunblock lotions because it can shield the skin from the harmful ultraviolet rays. Although medically used for Peyronie’s disease, morphea and scleroderma, its indication for dermatomyosistis and pemphigus is supported by little evidence of its efficacy. Claims of its ability to hinder graying of hair are anecdoctal and no clinical studies can prove its efficacy with regards to that. Some other claims include that it decreases the appearance of white patches on the skin when taken orally. There are known reports of allergic reactions with ingested para-aminobenzoic and characterized these reactions with skin itching and redness, wheezing and watering of the eyes.

Saw Palmetto , a North American plant is very popular for its extract which comprises of sterols and fatty acids. It has been used by the Native Americans in the treatment of urinary and genital tract along with various other problems related to the reproductive system. The extract from saw palmetto is marketed as an aphrodisiac and since it is also anabolic, it helps in building muscle tissues. Fatty acid is what saw palmetto is made up of such as oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid. It is very useful for treating BPH (Benign prostatic hyperplasia) as it reduces the testosterone action on the prostate gland due to which the prostate doesn’t get enlarged and interferes with urine flow. Saw palmetto is very effective in curing chronic bronchitis and bladder inflammation.

Selenium is a chemical element and a trace mineral deemed essential to human nutrition. It is found in many food sources, like beef liver, turkey, chicken breast, roast beef, white bread, whole eggs, rice, oatmeal, pasta, Brazil nuts, tuna and many others. Just recently a correlation between selenium, Vitamin E and cancer prevention has been scientifically proven. This essential trace element nutrient is nevertheless toxic in excessive doses, but is vital as a cofactor where antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase is required. Besides the belief that selenium may have a role in prevention from cancer, it has been observed that population in HIV and AIDS stricken countries where the soil is deficient in selenium have larger outbreaks than areas where selenium is sufficiently present. Other uses, such as in prevention from recurrence of tuberculosis, have been recommended by researchers.

Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of a specific metabolite(the light-absorbing molecule retinal). This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. It also palys an important role in the health or our skin, bone metabolism, immune function. It is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate commonly called Vitamin A acetate. Its defeciency can cause blindness. Other problems include impaired immunity, hypokeratosis (white lumps at hair follicles), keratosis pilaris and squamous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the upper respiratory passages and urinary bladder to a keratinized epithelium.

Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin with no known toxic effects if taken with other members of the vitamin B complex. Thiamine is essential to a strong appetite and to enable the body to use sugars and other carbohydrates.

Vitamin B12 is a water-souble member of the vitamin B complex. Requirements are in the microgram range, which is lower than the milligram range of the other B vitamins. Vitamin B12 is involved in the production of red blood cells and is usually known as the anti-anemia vitamin.

Vitamin B2 , also called Riboflavin, is naturally manufactured by the body. Vitamin B2 is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Vitamin B2 is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Vitamin B2 is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Vitamin B3, also called Niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin needed for the conversion of food into energy so that it may be used by the body. Vitamin B3 also helps metabolize protein, sugar and fat.

Vitamin B6 is important to a healthy human diet and is equally important in various metabolic and synthesis functions as well as gene expression.

Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic Acid, is water soluble vitamin. It is water soluble that leaves the body through urine. It plays an important role in the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It also important in the formation of collagen, a protein used by the body to make ligaments, blood vessel, scar tissue, and skin. It helps prevent osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that fights and prevents free radicals from damaging the cells that may result in premature aging, heart problems and cancer. Vitamin C also shortens the duration of colds and promotes quick recovery because it boosts the immune system. It also helps control blood pressure.

Vitamin D- The fast soluble vitamin D is perhaps the most underrated nutrient that is produced when sunlight touches the skin. But it is extremely vital for bone health, as without it the body cannot absorb the calcium that you may provide it in the form of supplements. With the advent of beauty products with high sun protection factor, this nutrient is becoming less available to our bodies. Even weaker sunscreens with just SPF-8 prevent the body considerably from producing vitamin D. Diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis, and even schizophrenia may stem from deficiency of this vitamin. You can provide vitamin D to your body through supplements and foods like mushrooms, tuna, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, salmon, sardines, mackerel, fortified dairy products and cereals, yoghurt, and milk.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an antioxidant. Vitamin E helps to gradually break down blood clots in the circulatory system and helps prevent more from forming. Involved in red blood cell formation.

Zinc is a mineral that is present in every cell in the body. It is good for maintaining a healthy skin. It promotes healing of wounds such as bed sores, skin sore, and canker sores. It may also act as an astringent and aid in the treatment of acne. Zinc improves the immune system by activating white blood cells to fight against infections, virus, and even cancers. Zinc is also beneficial in improving the health of prostate gland and protects it against inflammation and infection. It also helps improve the brain functions such as memory retention. It also helps in the production of testosterone that improves libido, prevents low sperm count. It may also help in the formation and development of muscles.